Strong nestedness and turnover effects on stand productivity in a long-term forest biodiversity experiment
Lan Zhang
State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100093 Beijing, China
Search for more papers by this authorBernhard Schmid
Remote Sensing Laboratories, Department of Geography, University of Zurich, CH-8006 Zurich, Switzerland
Search for more papers by this authorFranca J. Bongers
Centre for Crop Systems Analysis, Wageningen University, 6700 HB Wageningen, the Netherlands
Search for more papers by this authorShan Li
State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100093 Beijing, China
Search for more papers by this authorGoddert von Oheimb
Institute of General Ecology and Environmental Protection, TUD Dresden University of Technology, 01737 Tharandt, Germany
Search for more papers by this authorKeping Ma
State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100093 Beijing, China
College of Resources and Environment, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
Zhejiang Qianjiangyuan Forest Biodiversity National Observation and Research Station, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100093 Beijing, China
Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
Xiaojuan Liu
State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100093 Beijing, China
College of Resources and Environment, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
Zhejiang Qianjiangyuan Forest Biodiversity National Observation and Research Station, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100093 Beijing, China
China National Botanical Garden, 100093 Beijing, China
Author for correspondence:
Xiaojuan Liu
Email:[email protected]
Search for more papers by this authorLan Zhang
State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100093 Beijing, China
Search for more papers by this authorBernhard Schmid
Remote Sensing Laboratories, Department of Geography, University of Zurich, CH-8006 Zurich, Switzerland
Search for more papers by this authorFranca J. Bongers
Centre for Crop Systems Analysis, Wageningen University, 6700 HB Wageningen, the Netherlands
Search for more papers by this authorShan Li
State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100093 Beijing, China
Search for more papers by this authorGoddert von Oheimb
Institute of General Ecology and Environmental Protection, TUD Dresden University of Technology, 01737 Tharandt, Germany
Search for more papers by this authorKeping Ma
State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100093 Beijing, China
College of Resources and Environment, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
Zhejiang Qianjiangyuan Forest Biodiversity National Observation and Research Station, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100093 Beijing, China
Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
Xiaojuan Liu
State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100093 Beijing, China
College of Resources and Environment, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
Zhejiang Qianjiangyuan Forest Biodiversity National Observation and Research Station, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100093 Beijing, China
China National Botanical Garden, 100093 Beijing, China
Author for correspondence:
Xiaojuan Liu
Email:[email protected]
Search for more papers by this authorSummary
- Multispecies planting is an important approach to deliver ecosystem functions in afforestation projects. However, the importance of species richness vs specific species composition in this context remains unresolved.
- To estimate species or functional group richness and compositional change between two communities, we calculated nestedness, where one community contains a subset of the species of another, and turnover, where two communities differ in species composition but not in species richness. We evaluated the effects of species/functional group nestedness and turnover on stand productivity using 315 mixed plots from a pool of 40 tree species in a large forest biodiversity experiment in subtropical China.
- We found that the greater the differences in species or functional group nestedness and turnover, the greater the differences in stand productivity between plots. Additionally, the strong effects of both nestedness and turnover on stand productivity developed over the 11-yr observation period.
- Our results indicate that selection of specific tree species is as important as planting a large number of species to support the productivity function of forests. Furthermore, the selection of specific tree species should be based on functionality, because beneficial effects of functional group composition were stronger than those of species composition.
Open Research
Data availability
All data in the analyses are available at Figshare (doi: 10.6084/m9.figshare.27173751).
Supporting Information
| Filename | Description |
|---|---|
| nph20210-sup-0001-Supinfo.pdfPDF document, 1.5 MB | Fig. S1 Illustration of BEF-China plot design and pairs of plots used in our study. Fig. S2 Differences in annual increment of stand volume between plots differing either in species or functional group richness (nestedness) or in species or functional group composition (turnover) from 2011 to 2020. Fig. S3 Species and functional nestedness and turnover effects on differences in annual increment of stand volume between plots. Fig. S4 Percentage of mixture plots with overyielding from 2011 to 2021. Fig. S5 Stand volume and their increments as a function of tree functional group richness from 2011 to 2021. Methods S1 Calculation of nestedness and turnover. Table S1 List of 40 native broad-leaved tree species planted in the BEF-China experiment. Table S2 Number of plots at each species richness level at site A and site B. Table S3 Eight leaf and stem traits used in this study to separate species into four functional groups. Table S4 Mixed models testing the effects of species or functional nestedness, species or functional turnover, (mean) species or functional group richness, year (continuous) and their interactions on between-plot absolute differences in annual increment of stand volume. Table S5 Linear models testing the effects of species or functional nestedness, species or functional turnover, respectively, on between-plot absolute differences in stand volumes within each year. Table S6 Linear models testing the effects of species or functional nestedness, species or functional turnover, respectively, on between-plot absolute differences in annual increment of stand volume within each year. Table S7 Three-way ANOVA testing the effects of year, species vs functional group, nestedness vs turnover and their interactions on the slopes that reflect the effects of nestedness and turnover on stand volume differences between plots. Table S8 Two-way ANOVA testing the effects of year, the contrast functional turnover vs others, category (within ‘others’) and their interactions on the slopes that reflect the effects of nestedness and turnover on stand volume differences between plots. Table S9 Three-way ANOVA testing the effects of continuous and quadratic year, species vs functional group, nestedness vs turnover and their interactions on the slopes that reflect the effects of beta diversity on differences in annual increment of stand volume between plots. Table S10 Two-way ANOVA testing the effects of year, tree species richness or functional group richness and their interaction on percentage of positive effect sizes. Table S11 Mixed models testing the effects of functional group richness, year (continuous) and their interaction on stand volume and their annual increments. Please note: Wiley is not responsible for the content or functionality of any Supporting Information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing material) should be directed to the New Phytologist Central Office. |
Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
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